Electric vehicles (EVs) are handled during international shipping with special procedures for their high-voltage lithium-ion batteries, which are classified as Dangerous Goods and require specific documentation, state-of-charge management, and carrier protocols.
While the physical process of loading an EV onto a vessel is similar to that of a petrol or diesel car, the battery introduces safety and compliance steps that are unique to new-energy vehicles. For shipping lines and customs authorities, the primary concern is the safe transport of the battery pack, which falls under the international maritime code for Dangerous Goods (DG), specifically UN 3171.
Key Handling Requirements for EV Shipping
To ensure a safe and compliant export process, several critical steps are taken before and during shipment:
Dangerous Goods Declaration: Before an EV can be booked for shipment, a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the battery must be provided to the shipping line. This document details the battery's chemical properties and confirms its safety for transport. At Starvia Automotive, we manage all required battery documentation to ensure the vehicle is cleared by the carrier without delays.
State of Charge (SOC) Management: International regulations prohibit shipping EVs with a fully charged or fully depleted battery to minimize fire risk. Carriers typically require the battery's state of charge to be between 20% and 50%. The vehicle is prepared to meet this requirement before being delivered to the port.
Carrier Acceptance and Stowage: Not all vessels or shipping lines are certified to carry DG cargo. Exporters must book EVs with approved carriers. Once on board, vehicles are often stowed in designated areas with adequate ventilation and away from heat sources, allowing for easy monitoring during the voyage.
RoRo vs. Container Shipping for EVs
EVs can be shipped using either RoRo (Roll-on/Roll-off) or container methods, and the choice often depends on the destination, order volume, and buyer preference.
RoRo Shipping: This is the most common and cost-effective method. The EV is simply driven onto the vessel and secured on the vehicle deck. All DG handling rules, including SOC limits and documentation, still apply.
Container Shipping: For added protection or for destinations not serviced by RoRo vessels, an EV can be secured inside a 20ft or 40ft container. The container must be correctly placarded with DG labels to inform port and vessel staff of its contents.
As an experienced export partner, Starvia Automotive helps buyers select the most suitable option, coordinating either RoRo and Container Shipping based on the specific EV models, order size, and destination port requirements. While shipping an EV involves extra compliance steps, it is a standardized and safe process when managed by a knowledgeable team.